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Scale can be a stubborn problem, because the individual insects blend into the bark so easily.
Also, an adult scale's carapace is impervious to many insecticides, which is why I use a horticultural oil: spray it on and it smothers the little sassenachs. It's the same basic thing as "dormant oil," but lighter weight so it can be used when a plant is in active growth. Since brand names differ between Europe and the US, I won't suggest one; your friend should go to a garden center and explain what he's after.
I also use systemics for scale, but I've never tried them on Chinese elm; best to follow the advice above and leave them alone in this instance.
Do I assume correctly that your friend, and his tree, are also in Ireland?
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Treebeard 55
Steve Moore
http://hoosierbonsai.blogspot.com
The most important bonsai tool is your brain.
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